CYBER SECURITY FRAMEWORK FOR SMART ELECTRICAL GRIDS
USING BLOCK CHAIN AND INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY

Dr.Anil Pandurang Gaikwad
*Assistant Professor, Department of BBA, AISSMS College of Business Administration, Pune.

Abstract
Smart electrical grids (smart grids) integrate advanced sensing, communication, and
control technologies to support real-time monitoring, demand response, and
integration of renewable energy sources. However, this increased connectivity
significantly expands the cyber-attack surface, exposing critical infrastructure to
threats such as data manipulation, false data injection, denial-of-service attacks, and
unauthorized control of grid components. Traditional centralized security mechanisms
often suffer from single points of failure, limited transparency, and poor scalability.
This paper proposes a comprehensive cyber security framework for smart electrical
grids that leverages blockchain technology integrated with IoT devices, edge
computing, and AI-based anomaly detection. The proposed framework uses
blockchain as a distributed, tamper-resistant ledger to secure control commands,
measurement logs, and device identities. Smart contracts are employed to automate
access control, authentication, and transaction validation among distributed energy
resources (DERs), control centers, and prosumers. Edge computing nodes perform
local preprocessing and AI-driven intrusion detection to minimize latency and reduce
communication overhead. The paper presents the overall architecture, security
requirements, and threat model for smart grids, followed by the design of the
blockchain-enabled cyber security layer. A comparative analysis between traditional
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)-based security and the proposed blockchain-based
model is discussed in terms of confidentiality, integrity, availability, scalability, and
resilience. The study concludes that integrating blockchain with other emerging
technologies can significantly enhance trust, transparency, and resilience in smart
electrical grids, while highlighting implementation challenges such as
interoperability, computational overhead, and regulatory issues.
Keywords: Smart grid, cyber security, blockchain, IoT, edge computing, distributed
energy resources, intrusion detection, smart contracts.